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Letter By: Dr. Nevin Abdel Kader

You have an excellent medical site. I always wait for your newsletter. I spent hours on each volume. We want to add a section for what is happening in Palestine. We must fight these …. Jewish people.


Commented By: Dr. Adel M. Zaki, MD.

I am sorry, our policy is not to publish anything with political directions or related to any religion.
I am sure you will find thousands of these sites if you surf the net.

Professor Dr. Adel Zaki.
Editor-in-Chief, Heartj.com





Letter By: A.Z

I'm 23 years old, female
I have family history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1st degree).
Before one month I didn't have any complaint but one month ago I started to feel chest tightness with effort or nervousness and sometimes irregular heart beats.
My hemoglobin level one month ago was 11.5mg
My ECG when the doctor saw it he said that he need to auscultate my heart sound or to do echo.
Please can you tell me your advice.
Thank you.


Commented By: Dr. Adel Zaki.

Dear Miss, Thank you for your email.
If you have truly  hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, you must have echocardiography to measure the degree of obstruction in your heart.
Your doctor should also know various tests to see if the obstruction is serious or not.
I also recommend to do the test in the cardiology department of Cairo university. We treat the severe condition with catheterization and not by surgery.
I hope that I answered all your worries!!

Sincerely,
Professor Adel Zaki, MD




Letter By: M.A.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
في البدايه انا لا اعرف حقيقة اذا كان الامر الذي اود استشارة حضرتكم بشانه ذا اهميه
منذ سنة تقريبا كنت اعاني آلام محمولة في الجهة اليسرى من الصدر ولكنها لم تكن تتكرر بشكل منتظم لكن كنت اشعر بسرعة شديدة في نبضات القلب في الاحوال الطبيعية وقد أصبت بنوبة سعال حادة استمرت شهر ونصف حتى أنني كنت لا أستطيع النوم ولا حتى التنفس بعمق وبعدها هدأ السعال ولكنه استمر لمدة ستة أشهر...



Commented By: Dr. Adel Zaki.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
في البدايه انا لا اعرف حقيقة اذا كان الامر الذي اود استشارة حضرتكم بشانه ذا اهميه
منذ سنة تقريبا كنت اعاني آلام محمولة في الجهة اليسرى من الصدر ولكنها لم تكن تتكرر بشكل منتظم لكن كنت اشعر بسرعة شديدة في نبضات القلب في الاحوال الطبيعية وقد أصبت بنوبة سعال حادة استمرت شهر ونصف حتى أنني كنت لا أستطيع النوم ولا حتى التنفس بعمق وبعدها هدأ السعال ولكنه استمر لمدة ستة أشهر.

وفي فترة معينة من العام الماضي شعرت بآلام حادة في الصدر وكانت تستمر مدة طويلة يعني حوالي الساعتان تقريبا ثم يبدأ الألم يخف لكن الالم لا يزال موجود ولو بشكل بسيط وكنت اشعر بضيق في النفس وتعب شديد عند القيام بأى مجهود ولو كان بسيطا حتى في اداء الصلاة واشعر عند النوم بدقات القلب تكون قوية حتى انني انزعج من قوتها لانها مؤذيه وكان هناك خفقان في القلب ولاحظت الم في يدي اليسرى بدا يشتد في اليوم التاسع وكان الالم الما شديدا جدا مع وجود الام مصاحبة في الصدر كانت تاتي على شكل وخزة تمنعني من التنفس مع العلم ان هذا الالم يختلف عن الالم التي شعرت بها خلال الايام الماضيه.

وكما انني كنت في هذه الفترة اشعر بدوار وارهاق شديدين واحيانا غثيان وغالبا انسدادا في الشهية وانا مازلت حتى الان اعاني من تلك الالام ولكن اخف من ذي فبل وليس في كل الأوقات وتكون في الجهة اليسارية العلوية من الصدر أو تكون أسفلها والأخيرة تكون أكثر شدة وتكون على انقباض حاد أو وخزة حادة وتكون أحيانا عند الوقوف وبشكل مفاجئ أوتكون على هيئة حرقة وقد تكون في الجهة العلوية على هيئة ثقل أو ضغط بسيط ولكنه قد يحدث عند التوتر والصدمات سرعة شديدة لضربات القلب تمنعني من الكلام وشعور كأني أهبط من مكان مرتفع ودوار وهذا يحدث غالبا.

مشكلتي بدأت منذ فتره وهي احساس بالام في الصدر بين الحين والاخر وكان يصاحبه سرعه في نبضات القلب ولكن الامر الذي اثار حيرتي هو ما حصل فترة فقد كنت في حالة طبيعيه وهادئة حتى احسست بدوار خفيف سبقه الصداع ومن ثم ضيق في النتفس وما هي الا لحظات حتى بدا الدوار يزداد وضيق التنفس يزداد وبدات اشعر بحرقة بسيطه في المعده ومن ثم غثيان حاد جدا وبدأت يدي ترتجفان وفقدت توازني وانا اشعر باني في مكان ضيق غادرت مكاني بسرعه والغثيان يزداد مصاحبا لتعرق بسيط استلقيت على سريري والوضع من السيئ الى الاسوء الا ان مر عشر دقائق وبدات الحالة بالتحسن شيئا فشيئا وكان شيئا لم يكن مع العلم انه قبل هذه الحاله كنت اشعر بصداع حاد اسفل الراس او في مقدمته يشعرني بالدوار او فقد التوازن للحظات وكنت وما زلت اشعر بالام في الصدر وفي الكتف والم بسيط في اليد اليسرى والرقبة وضيق حاد في الخلق مع العلم ان هذه الالم قد تحدث عندما اكون في حالة هدوء بدون توتر او انفعال ومع العلم أيضا أنني ذهب لطبيب الأمراض الباطنية حتى يجد لي حلا لمشكلة الصداع الحاد جدا الذي يكون غالبا في مقدمة الرأس وأسفلة على هيئة انقباض مفاجئ يفقد التوازن.



عزيزتي
لقد قرأت رسالتك المؤثرة أكثر من مرة وأريد أن أوضح لكي بعض الحقائق..
1- آلام الذبحة الصدرية أو القلب لا تستمر لمدة طويلة بدون أن تتطور الحالة إلى الأسوأ أو يموت المريض.
2- آلام الذبحة لا تتغير مع أخذ نفس عميق أو تغيير وضع الجسم.
3- الرجفة في الأيدي والصداع تصاحب عادة التوتر النفسي والعاطفي الشديد.
أنا كطبيب أشعر أن معظم الأعراض التي ذكرتيها ليست من القلب وزيادة النبض هي رد فعل طبيعي لأي مرض عضوي أو نفسي.
أرجو أن تقومي بعمل التحاليل التالية:
ESR, ASOT, TSH, T3, T4 and CBC ، وعمل موجات صوتية على القلب.
وأرجو منك لحين ظهور هذه التحاليل أن تستمري على رياضة يومية وأبسط أنواعها هي رياضة المشي. وأعتقد أن جزء كبير من حالتك سيتحسن لو عرفنا منك أيضاً هل يوجد مشاكل عاطفية أو اجتماعية تمرين بها.
أرجو أن أكون قد أجبت على تساؤلاتك ولا تترددي في إرسال أي استفسار

أ.د. عادل زكي
www.Heartj.com
أستاذ أمراض القلب
قصر العيني - جامعة القاهرة





Letter By: Dr. Ayman Abd Elghaffar.

I am asking about the techniques of complete preservation of the subvalvular apparatus used in Kasr Al-Aini Cardiac Surgery Department.

Commented By: Professor Dr. Maged Zikri.

Preservation of the subvalvular apparatus in mitral valve surgery.
- The anchoring of the papillary muscle to the fibrous skeleton of the heart through the mitral valve is an important component of left ventricular integrity and hence , function .

- The early results of mitral valve surgery were inadequate partly because the initial technique entailed removing all valve structure and fixing the prothesis to the annulus. In fact , this fact has encouraged early trials of mitral valve repair that demonstrated a much better functional recovery of the left ventricular function and preserved its ellipsoid morphology.

- The conservation of the subvalvular apparatus was initially directed to the post annulus leaflet. In fact , the short span of the posterior leaflet was very easily tucked in the mattress suture of the stiches fixing the prothesis to the annulus.

- In a trial to expand this technique and motivated by the emerging long term results of mitral valve repair that clearly preserved Left ventricular function, attention was shifted to the anterior portion of the mitral apparatus.

- The techniques described are multiple and should be tailored to the specific anatomic/pathologic situation of the leaflet tissue , commissural fusion and subvalvular apparatus.

All have in common the following targets:
1- Splitting of the anterior mitral leaflet in the middle , allowing each half to be supported by the attachment of either the postromedial or the antrolateral papillary muscle.
2- Remove all excess leaflet tissue, including fibrous or calcified knobs, that does not have a primary chordal attachment . This aims to minimise thickness of the tissues tucked back to the annulus. An excess of tissues will reflect on the orifice size available for prosthesis sizing.
3- Releasing the subvalvular apparatus that can be much bulky with the papillary muscle directly attached to the leaflet tissues. This aims at allowing the prosthesis disc, in case of a metallic prothesis , to have a free motion at the ventricular size.
4- Opening of both commisures to the annulus , again aiming at maximising the available orifice for prosthesis sizing .

The practical approach to that in a typical mitral valve with heavy rheumatic distortion is as follows:
1- Take two commissural stiches at the annulus opposite the two commisures.
2- Open up the commissures short of the annulus , with adequate splitting of the subvalvular apparatus.
3- Evaluate the posterior annulus for areas of excessive thickening or calcification . These are to be trimmed with the scalpel or debrided with the rongeur.
4- Direct your attention to the anterior leaflet . This is again delt with as with the posterior leaflet and then split in the middle and tucked with a stich.
5- The excess leaflet tissue is then excised and the subvalvular apparatus released.
6- The Teflon reinforced 2/0 ethibond mattress sutures are then placed , one at 12 O’ clock , not tacked to any leaflet tissues. Two additional stiches are then placed at 11 O’ clock and one O’ clock tacking the edge of the leaflet tissues to the annulus.
7- Placement of the rest of the stiches is carried on clockwise tucking the annulus on one side and the edge of the leaflet tissue on the other side. Looking at the end result should assure that no excess tissue is present in the subannular area.
8- Proper sizing is then done and the prosthesis lowered in position, adequate excursion of the disk prosthesis should be tested at that point.

Dr. Maged Zikri.
Professor of Crdiovascular Surgery.
Kasr Al-Aini, Cairo University.




Letter By: Fatima Alshuwaikh.

I would like to ask if the antibodies affect the heart valve in patient RHD or the streptococcus, which do the effect?

Commented By: Professor Dr. Khaled Sorour.

- Rheumatic fever is delayed sequel to infections with group A, B- hemolytic streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract, mainly affecting the connective tissue of the joints, skin, heart and brain.
- It is a form of antigen-antibody reaction. The streptococci do not have a direct effect. Rather it is the molecular mimicity between certain parts of the organism and parts of the cardiac tissue.
- This antigen-antibody reaction causes inflammation of all parts of the heart; pericardium, myocardium and endocardium. The endocardial lesions with healing cause the deformity of the cardiac valve which leads to the different mitral, aortic and tricuspid valvular stenosis or regurgitation or both.

Professor Dr. Khalid Sorour.



Letter By: M.Z.

I had CABG surgery since 4years, and occasionlly have chest pains when stessed or exposed to cold, should I take nitrate medications regularly or when needed only?
Thanks in advance
M.Z.


Commented By: Dr. Adel Zaki.

Dear,
Thank you for your email.
We usually describe nitrates for our patients when they have frequent chest pain.
However, I do not write it except when needed.
I hope that I answered your question. Sincerely,

Adel Zaki, MD.
Editor-In-Chief
www.Heartj.com




Letter By: Dr. A.M. ELKEIY, M.D

Do you know what the “C” in the CRP stands for ?

Commented By: Dr. A.M. ELKEIY, M.D.

Do you know what the “C” in the CRP stands for? This question was asked by Dr. R. Conti-editor of “clinical cardiology “in a recent cardiology conference. He said:” No one knew the answer and neither did I”.
I was asked the same question by the late Prof. Sayed Effat ,Prof of medicine, Kasr El Aini hospital during my oral exam for the diploma of cardiology 1962. I didn’t know the answer, as Dr. R. Conti and his fellows did , upon my request Prof. Sayed Effat‘s answer was: The “C” in CRP stands for an abnormal protein that reacts in the carbohydrate capsule of the pneumococcus type “C” ; an answer almost identical with what one of Dr. Conti ‘s assistant searched for 40 years later.

Dr. A.M. ELKEIY, M.D



Letter By: M. Samy, MD. Cairo, Egypt.

I have many interesting educational cases which is fully investigated. How can I present them in "Heartj.com" journal?

Commented By: S. El-Kholy, MD. Editor, Heartj.com

We are very interested in the work of other universities and hospitals. Our programmers are working on a new section called "A Case from Correspondent".
Your cases can be sent as an e-mail attachment and it will be reviewed and published by your name.




Letter By: Dr. M.A

frist of all,tnx 4 that great site
such ageart effort
i'm doctor 26 years old
i suffered from chest pain which become sever and comes in attachs and last 4 hours then i have made checkup and the clinical diagnosis was unstable angina.i undergo cardiac catheterisation
final diagnosis was coronary slow flow.
that was one year ago.the doctors adviced me to take asprine and diet and make some sport but i still suffering from chest pain esp in wintre and when i feel upset
what i have to do now
is there an active treatment
and if not ,is there symptomatic treatment as i have been told that nitrates r contraindicated.
plz help me and thank u again


Commented By: A. Zaki, MD. Cheif Editor, Heartj.com

Dear Dr. M,
Thank you for your email..
I read it thoroughly and I am astonished from the diagnosis to have slow flow at your age.
I would like to ask how slow this slow flow? Is your doctor standardized their cine film or not because many cases with no obvious diagnosis are considered slow flow.
My impression that you have a type of spastic angina and the best treatment is Ca-channel blockers. Please try the Delaytiazem 90 mg capsules once daily.
Please feed me back about your condition after one week of treatment.

Sincerely,
Adel Zaki, MD.
Editor-In-Chief
www.Heartj.com




Letter By: M. Mansour, MD. From Alexandria, Egypt.

I have difficulty to log in after my first successful registeration?

Commented By: M. Abd El-Hakim. Editor Supervisor.

Free registeration is easy if you write all information in the registeration form.
You should write your correct email and use the same password every time you log in. In case you forget your password, just email us by pressing Contact Us, and write your problem in the form, and we will send you your previous password.




Letter By: Armen Gasparyan, MD. Yerevan, Armenia.

About Cardiac functions in inflammatory diseases, mainly familial Mediterranean fever?
This disease is common in Armenia. What is its prevalence in Egypt?


Commented By: Dr. Mohamed El Guindy, MD, FRCP.

Dear Dr. Gasparyen

Thank you for your nice greetings. Certainly we welcome exchange of scientific information between our departments. This is one of the basic objectives of our Journal online.

In Egypt, Familial Mediterranean fever (FNF) is a relatively common cause of acute abdominal pain in children 5-15 years of age. But both the incidence and prevalence of the disease are probably lower than in either Armenia or Israel. Such patients often come to our attention with the misdiagnosis of acute rheumatic fever and less commonly as thrombo-phlebitis (actually skin rather than vascular involvement). In these conditions, abdominal symptoms are always predominating.

Clinical cardiac involvement in our experience has been extremely rare. Over the last several years, only two cases of pericarditis were encountered. In one of them constriction was rapidly developing but a causal link could not be made since caseation was detected at surgery. We encountered no case of cardiac amyloidosis. Reports in the literature indicate that in such cases the AA-amyloid protein deposition is limited to the intima and media of arterioles and not in the heart.

We shall confer with our paediatric cardiologists on the subject. If further information could be gleaned. They will be relayed to you.

Please accept our best regards and wishes for a fruitful research on the subject.

Dr. Mohamed El Guindy, MD, FRCP





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